Microbiology Course Summary
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms—tiny living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. This course introduces students to the biology, structure, and functions of microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. It explores their roles in nature, human health, agriculture, and industry.
Key Areas Covered in the Course
1. Introduction to Microorganisms
- History and importance of microbiology
- Classification and types of microorganisms
- Microscopy and techniques used to observe microbes
2. Microbial Structure and Function
- Cell structure of prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (fungi, protozoa)
- Bacterial morphology, growth, and reproduction
- Viral structure and replication
3. Microbial Nutrition and Growth
- Environmental factors affecting growth (temperature, pH, oxygen)
- Culture media and laboratory cultivation
- Growth curves and measurement of microbial growth
4. Microbial Genetics
- DNA structure in microbes
- Gene expression, mutation and genetic recombination
- Horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, transformation, transduction)
5. Immunology Basics
- Body’s defense mechanisms against infection
- Innate and adaptive immunity
- Vaccines and immune responses
6. Disease and Pathogenic Microorganisms
- How microbes cause infections (pathogenesis)
- Transmission of infectious diseases
- Common bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases
7. Microbial Control
- Sterilization and disinfection methods
- Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance
- Public health and infection prevention
8. Applied Microbiology
- Industrial microbiology (fermentation, biotechnology)
- Environmental microbiology (water, soil, waste management)
- Food microbiology and spoilage
Course Outcome
By the end of the course, students understand:
- The diversity and roles of microorganisms
- How microbes interact with humans and the environment
- Laboratory skills for handling and studying microbes
- The importance of microbiology in medicine, agriculture, and industry
- Teacher: Admin User